1. Grizzly Bears:
• Spatial Transects:
o Create geographical transects at various elevations to evaluate how temperature fluctuations affect grizzly bear habitats as they rise.
• Seasonal Surveys:
o Carry out seasonal surveys to document behavioural and habitat-use changes all year long, particularly during crucial times like hibernation and breeding.
• Food Resource Analysis:
o Monitor the amount and distribution of essential food resources (such as berry patches and salmon run) to look at changes in their availability.
• Climate-Driven Population Modelling:
o Based on climate change scenarios, use population models driven by the climate to forecast possible changes in the distribution of grizzly bears.
2. Beavers:
• Dam Density and Location Mapping:
o Map the density and locations of beaver dams using satellite imaging or aerial surveys to see how their distribution has changed over time.
• Water Quality Monitoring:
o Create monitoring stations to evaluate elements of water quality, such as sedimentation and nitrogen levels, that are impacted by beaver activity.
• Vegetation Impact Transects:
o Set up transects to observe changes in the species composition of trees and plant communities as a result of beaver activity on the surrounding vegetation.
• Longitudinal Population Surveys:
o Conduct long-term population surveys to monitor beaver population fluctuations over time, taking climate-related factors into account.
• Hydrological Changes Monitoring:
o Adopt hydrological monitoring tools to gauge how building beaver dams affects stream flow and the development of wetlands.
3. Killer Whales:
• Acoustic Monitoring:
o Make use of underwater acoustic monitoring to capture killer whale vocalisations so that communication patterns and possible alterations can be examined.
• Prey Availability Studies:
o Study the distribution and abundance of prey species (such as salmon) to determine how killer whale foraging is affected by changes in oceanographic conditions.
• Photographic Identification:
o Track individual killer whales over time using photo-identification techniques to observe changes in their social structures and migration patterns.
• Migration Pattern Analysis:
o Examine migratory trends using GPS monitoring or satellite tagging to learn how changes in the climate impact their range and movements.